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Subject
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Syllabus
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Hindi
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- History of Hindi language
- History of Hindi Literature
- Poetry Writings
- Kabir
- Soordas
- Tulsidas
- Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
- Jaishankar Prasad
- Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Prose Writings
- Bhartendu Harishchandra
- Jaishankar Prasad
- Mohan Rakesh
- Premchand
- Fadishwar Nath Renu
- Premchand
- Ramchandra Shukl
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English
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- Detailed study of a literature age (19th century)
- Knowledge of the Authors & understanding of the main literary trends during the period.
- Test of Candidate`s Critical Ability.
- Shakespeare: As you like it; Henry IV Parts I, II : Hemlet, The Tempest.
- Milton: Paradise Lost.
- Jane Austen: Emma
- Wordsworths: The Prelude
- Dickens: David Copperfield.
- George Eliot: Middlemarch
- Hardy: Jude the Obscure.
- Yeats: Easter 1916.
- The Second coming: Byzantium.
- A Prayer for my Daughter: Leada and the Swan
- Sailing to Byzantium: Menu.
- The Tower: Among School Children: Lapois Lazudili.
- Eliot: The Waste Land
- D.H. Lawrence: The Rainbow
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Geography
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Natural Geography
- Geomorphology
- Climatology
- Soils and Vegetations
- Oceanography
- Ecosystem
Human & Economics Geography
- Development of Geographical Thought
- Human Geography
- Settlement Geography
- Political Geography
- Economic Geography
Geography of India
- Physical Aspects
- Human Aspects
- Resources - 1. Agricultural, 2. Industrial
- Transport & trade
- Settlements
- Regional Development & Planning
Geography of Jharkhand
- Natural Department
- Major Minerals
- Key Industries
- Population of Jharkhand
World Geography
- Wide Natural Area
- Regional Geography of Developed Countries
- Regional Geography of Developing Countries
Techniques of Geographical Analysis
- Maps
- Diagrams
- Projections
- GIS (Geographic Information System)
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Sanskrit
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- Origin and development of Sanskrit language (from Indian European to Central Indian Aryan language).
- General outline of Sanskrit like:
- Principles of History of Literature Key Principles of Knowledge Literature Review. Evolution and development of literary genres such as epic drama, prose poetry, lyrical poetry and collection books. Ancient Indian culture and philosophy including Varnashrama system, rites and major philosophies.
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Mathematics
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- Linear Algebra: Vector space, Linear dependence and independence, Subspace, bases, dimension, Finite dimensional vector spaces. Matrices: Cayley- Hamilton theorem, eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, matrix of transformation, row and column reduction, echelon form, rank, equivalence, congruence and similarity. Reduction to canonical forms. Orthogonal and unitary reduction of quadratic and hermitian forms, positive definite quadratic forms.
- Calculus : Real numbers, bounded sets, open and closed sets, real, sequences, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate form, maxima and minima, asymptotes, functions of several variables, continuity, differentiability, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrangian methods of multipliers, jacobian, Raimann’s definition of definite integrals. Indefinite integrals, infinite & improper integrals, beta & beta gamma functions, double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only), areas, surface and volumes, centre of gravity.
- Analytic geometry: Cartesian and polar coordinates in two and three dimensions, second degree equations in two and three dimensions, reduction to canonical forms, straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.
- Ordinary differential equations: Formulation of differential equation, order and degree, equations of first order and first degree, integrating factors, equations of first order but not of first degree, clairaut`s equation, singular solution. Higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, complementary functions and particular integrals, general solution, Euler-Cauchy equation. Second order linear equations with variable coefficients, determination of complete solution when one solution is known, method of variation of parameters.
- Dynamics, Statics and Hydrostatics: Degree of freedom and constraints, rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane projectile, constrained motion, work and energy, conservation of energy, motion under impulsive forces, kepler’s law, orbit under central forces, motion of varying mass, motion under resistance. Equilibrium of a system of particles, work and potential energy, friction, common catenary, principle of virtual work, stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions. Pressure of heavy fluids, equilibrium of fluids under a given system of forces, Bernoulli’s equation, center of pressure, thrust on curved surfaces, equilibrium of floating bodies, stability of equilibrium, metacenter, pressure of gases.
- Vector analysis: Scalar and vector fields, triple products, differentiation of vector function of scalar variable, gradient, divergence and curl in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates and their physical interpretation. Higher order derivatives, vector identities and vector equations. Application to geometry: Curves in spaces, curvature and torsion, Serret-Frenet formulae Gauss and Stoke’s theorem, Green’s identities.
- Algebra: Groups, Sub groups, normal subgroups, homomorphism of groups, quotient groups basic isomorphism theorem, Sylow’s theorem, permutation groups, Cayley theorem. Rings and ideals, principal ideal Domains, Unique Factorisation Domains and Euclidean Domains, and Euclidean Domains, field extensions, finite fields.
- Complex Analysis: Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem Cauchy’s integral formula, power series, taylor’s series, Laurent’s series, Singularities, Cauchy Residue theorem, Contour integration, Conformal mapping, Bilinear transformation.
- Operations Research: Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution. Graphical method and simplex method of solution, Duality, Transportation and assignment problems. Analysis of steady state and transient solution for queueing system with poisson arrivals and exponential service time. Deterministic replacement models, sequencing problem with two machines and n jobs, 3 machines and n jobs (special case).
- Mathematical Modeling
o (a) Difference and differential equation growth models: Single species population models, Population growth and age structure model. The spread of technological innovation.
o (b) Higher order linear models - A Model for the detection of diabetes.
o (c) Nonlinear population growth models: prey- predator models, Epidemic growth models.
o (d) An Application in environment: Urban wastes water management planning models.
o (e) Models from political science: Proportional representation (cumulative and comparison voting) models.
- Partial differential equations: Curves and surfaces in three dimensions, formulation of partial differential equations, solutions of equations, solutions of equation of type dx/P=dy/Q=dz/R; orthogonal trajectories, pfaffian differential equations, partial differential equations of the first order, solution by Cauchy’s method of characteristics, charpit’s method of solution, linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, equations of vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equations.
- Probability: Notion of probability: Random experiment, Sample space, axioms of probability, Elementary properties of probability, equally likely outcome problems. Random variables: Concept, cumulative distribution function, discrete and continuous random variables, expectations, mean, variance, moment generating function. Discrete distribution: Binomial, geometric, poisson. Continuous distribution: Uniform, Exponential, Normal, Conditional probability, and conditional expectation, Bayes theorem, independence, computing expectation by conditioning. Bivariate random variables: Joint distribution, Joint and Conditional distributions. Functions of random variables: Sum of random variables, the law of large number and central limit theorem, approximation of distributions.
- Mechanics and fluid dynamics: Generalised co- ordinates, holonomic and non- holonomic systems D’Alembert’s principle and Langrage’s equation, Hamilton equations, moment of inertia, motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions. Equation of continuity, Euler’s equations of motion for inviscid flow, stream-lines, path of a particle, potential flow. Two dimensional and axisymytric motion, sources and sinks, votex motion, flow past a cylinder and a sphere, method of images, Navier- Stocke’s equation, for a viscous fluid.
- Discrete Mathematics: Introduction to graph theory: graphs and degree sum theorem, connected graph, bi-partite graphs, trees, Eulerian and Hammiltonian graph, plane graph and Euler’s theorem, planar graphs, 5-color theorem, marriage theorem.
- Logic : Logical connectives negation, quantifiers, compound statement, Truth table, Tautologies, Boolean algebra- Lattices, geometrical lattices and algebraic structures, duality, distributive and complemented lattices, boolean lattices and boolean algebras, boolean functions and expressions, design and implementation of digital networks, switching circuits.
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History
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- Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
- Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.
- The Indus Civilization; its origins, nature and decline.
- Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
- Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
- Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society, early phase of state formation and urbanization.
- Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashoka‘s inscriptions; his dhamma nature of the Mauryan state.
- Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India; Political and administrative history, Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society; the Sangam texts.
- India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c.750); Political history of northern and peninsular India, Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
- Themes in early Indian cultural history; languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.
- Extensive History of India.
- Establishment of British rule in India.
- Resistance to colonial rule.
- Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule.
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Zoology
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- A general survey, Classification and relationship of the various phyla.
- Protozoa: Study of the structure, bionomics and life history of paramecium, Monocyotis, malarial parasite, Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Locomotion, nutrition and reproduction in protozoa.
- Porifera : Canal system, skeleton and reproduction. Coelenterata: Structure and life history of Obelia and Aurelia, polymorphism in hydrozoa, coral formation, metagenesis, phylogenetic relationship of Cinidaria & Acnidaria.
- Helminths: Structure and life history of planaria, Fasciola, Taenia & Ascaris. Parasitic adaptation, Helminths in relation to man. Annelida : Nereis, earthworm and leech: coelom & metamerism: modes of life in polychaetes.
- Arthropoda: Palemon Scorpion, Cockroach, larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea, mouth part vision and respiration in arthropods, social life and metamorphosis in insects. Importance of peripatus. Mollusca, unio Pila, Oyster culture and pearl formation, cephalopods, Torsion and Detorsion in Gastropods.
- Echinodermata: General organization, larval forms and affinities of Echinodermata. General organization and characters, outline classification and inter-relationship of protochordata, pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and mammalia. Neoteny and retrogressive metamorphosis. A general study of comparative account of the various systems of vertebrates.
- Pisces : Locomotion, migration and respiration in fishes: structure and affinities Dipnoi
- Amphibia: Origin of Amphibia; distribution, anatomical peculiarities and affinities of urodela and Apoda parental Care.
- Reptiles: Origin of Reptiles; adaptive radiation in reptiles. Fossil reptiles; poisonous & non poisonous snakes of India; poison apparatus of snake.
- Aves: Origin of birds; flightless birds; aerial adaptation and migration of birds. Origin of mammals; homologies of ear ossicles in mammals; dentition and phylogenetic relations of prototheria and Mehtatheria. Endocrine glands (Pituitary, thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads). Comparative anatomy of various system of vertebrates (Integument, Heart, Aortic, Arches, Kidney, Brain)
- Environment : Abiotic factors and their role; Biotic factors – Intra and inter-specific relations. Biogeochemical Cycles, green house effect, ozone depletion, Eco logical succession, Biomes ecotones.
- Animal : Organisation at population and community levels, ecological successions.
- Ecosystem: Concept, components, fundamental operation, energy flow, biogeo-chemical cycles food chain and trophic levels. Adaptation in fresh water, marine and terrestrial habitats. Pollution in air, water and land. Wild life in India and its conservation. Sustainable production in agriculture, Integrated Pest manager.
- Ehology: General survey of various types of animal behaviour. Role of hormones and pheromones in behavior. Biological clock, seasonal rhythms, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythm. Neuro-endocrine control of behaviour. Methods of studying animal behaviour.
- Biostatistics: Methods of sampling, frequency distribution and measures of central tendency. Standard deviation, standard error and standard deviance, correction and regression and chi-square and f-test, student t-test.
- Economics Zoology: Parasitism, commensalism & host parasite relationship. Parasitic protozoans, helminths and insects of man and domestic animals. Insect pests of crops and stored products. Beneficial insects. Pisciculture and induced breeding, Apiculture, sericulture, Lac culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.
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Chemistry
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- Atomic structure, Periodic properties and chemical bonding — Idea of de Broglie matter waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, atomic orbitals, Schrodinger wave equation, significance of Ψ and Ψ2 , quantum numbers, radial and angular wave functions and probability distribution curves, shapes of S, p, and d orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli’s exclusion principles, Hund`s rule, electronic configuration classification of elements as s, p, d and f blocks. Periodic tables and periodic properties (atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electro-negativity) and their trends in periodic table, Their applications in chemical bonding. Covalent bonding. V.B. Theory, VSEPR Theory, M O. Theory, homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules, bond order and magnetic properties. Resonance, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Ionic solids - Born-Haber cycle, Fajaris rule.
- Gaseous states — Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behavior of van der Waals equation of state. Critical temperature, pressure and volume. Liquification of gases, Critical constants and van der Waals constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced equation of state Molecular velocities — r:m.s. velocity, average velocity, most probable velocity. Maxwell`s distribution of molecular velocities.
- Solid State — Space lattice, Unit cell. Laws of crystallography. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Bragg`s equation coordination number radius ratio rule, detects in crystals and their magnetic and electric behavior semiconductors and super conductors
- Thermodynamics — Law of thermodynamics, work, heat, energy. State functions — E, H, S and G and their significance criteria for chemical equilibrium and spontaneity of reactions. Variations of free energy with T, P and V Gibbs Helmholtz equation. Entropy changes in gases for reversible and irreversible processes. Hess law Bond energy.
- Chemical kinetics and catalysis — Order and molecularity, chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing rate of reaction. Rate equations of zero, first and second order reactions. Pseudo order, half life and mean life. Determination of order of reactions. Theories of chemical kinetics — collision theory, transition state theory, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy, effect of temperature on rate constant. Catalysis, characteristics of catalysed reactions, theories of catalysis, examples.
- Electrochemistry — Electronic conduction in electrolytic solutions, specific, equivalents and molar conductance, effect of dilution on them, cell constant, experimental method of determining conductance. Migration of ions and Kohlrausch, law. Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation and its limitations, weak and strong electrolytes Ostwald`s dilution law, its uses and limitations Debye - Huckel Onsager`s equation (elementary treatment) Transport number - definition, determination by Hittor method. Galvanic cells, electrodes and electrode reactions, Nernst equation, E.M.F. of cells, Hydrogen electrode, electrochemical series, concentration cell and their applications pH . Buffer solutions theory of buffer action.
- Transition and inner transition metals and complexes — General characteristics of d-block elements, coordination compounds - nomenclature, isomerism and bonding in complexes V.B. theory and crystal field theory. Werner`s theory, eAN metal carbonyls, cyclopentadienyl, olefin and acetylene complexes. Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters. General chemistry of f-block elements Lanthanides and actinides - ionic radic, separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties.
- Non-aqueous solvents — Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general characteristics, reactions in nonaqueous solvents with reference to liquid NH3 and liquid SO2.
- Photochemistry — Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry — Grothus-Drapers law, stark-Einstein law, Jablonski diagram. Fluorescence. phosphorescence, Quantum yield Photoelectric cells.
- Hard and soft acids and bases — Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft, Pearson`s HSAB concept, acid-base strength and hardness and softness, symbiosis, theoretical basis of hardness and softness, symbiosis, theoretical basis of hardness and softness, electronegativity and hardness and softness.
- Structure and Binding — Hybridization, bond lengths and bind angles bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond, van der Waals interactions, inclusion compounds, clathrates, charge transfer complexes, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding.
- Mechanism of organic reactions — Homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking, types of reagents - carbocations. and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions, Reactive intermediates - Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples) Different types of addition, substitution and elimination reactions - SN1 , SN2 , SNi , E1, E2, E1cb etc.
- Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds — Isomerism, Optical isomerism - elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with tar stereogenic centres, diastereomers. threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers. inversion, retention and racemization. Relative and absolute configuration sequence rule, D & L and R & S nomenclature. Geometric isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometric isomers - E & Z nomenclature, geometric isomerism ot oximes and alicyclic compounds. Configuration and confirmation, conformations of ethane, butane and cyclohexane.
- Organometallic Compounds — Organometallic compounds of Mg. Li & Zn their formation, preparation, structure and synthetic applications.
- Organic Synthesis via enolates — Acidity of α-hydrogens, preparation, properties and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate, keto-enol tautomers.
- Carbohydrates — Classification and nomenclature Monosaccharides, mechanism of osazone formation, interconversion of glucose and fructose, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses and ketoses, Anomers and epimers Formation of glycosides, ethers and esters Ring structure of glucose and fructose mechanism of mutarotation.
- Polymers — Addition or chain growth polymerization. Free radical vinyl polymerization, ionic vinyl polymerizations, Ziegler - Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers. Condensation or step-growth polymerization, Polyesters, polyamide, phenol-formaldehyde resins, ureaformaldelyde resins, epoxy.resins and polyurethanes. Natural and synthetic rubbers. Inorganic polymeric systems - silicones and phosphazenes, nature of bonding in triphosphazenes
- Study of following types of organic compounds:
o a. Alkanes and cycloalkanes — Preparation of alkanes - wurtz reactions Kolbe reaction, Corey - House reaction etc physical and chemical properties, free-radical halogenation of alkanes - reactivity and selectivity. Cycloalkanes : Nomenclature, formation, properties - Baeger`s strain theory
o b. Alkenes, cycloalkenes, Diencs & Alkynes — Mechanism of dehydration of alcohols, and dehydrogenation of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The saytzeff rule, Hofmann elimination Mechanism involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions, markownikoff`s rule, kharasch effect, hydroboration - oxidation, oxymercuration - reduction, Epoxidation, Ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnOu. Polymerization. Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes. Uses Dienes: Classification, preparation, properties Alkynes : Preparation, properties, acidic reactions of alkynes, mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration - oxidation, metal-ammonia reduction, oxidation and polymerization.
o c. Arenes and Aromaticity — Aromaticity : The Huckel rule, aromatic ions, M.O. diagram, antiaromatic, Aromatic electrophilic substitution — Mechanism, role of σ and π complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenters sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel Crafts reaction. Energy profile diagram, activating and deactivating substituents, orientation, ortho-para ratio. Side-chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction. 19. Study of some reactions — Pinacol - pinacolone rearrangement, aldol reaction, perkin reaction. Cannizzaro`s reaction, Mannich reaction, Clemmensen reduction, claisen rearrangement, Peimer Tiemann reaction, Friedel crafts reaction, Fries rearrangement. Reformatsky reaction.
- Spectroscopy — Basic principles of the following type of spectroscopy and their applications in determining structures.
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Botany
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- Microbiology and Plant Pathology.
- Cryptogams: Range of structure and reproduction, and evolutionary aspects. Ecology and economic importance of algae, fungi bryophytes and pteridophytes.
- Phanerogams: Anatomy: meristem and secondary growth. Embryology: Micro-and megasporogenesis, fertilization, endosperm, apomixis and polyembryony.
- Plant Utility and Exploitation: Origin of cultivated plants. Study of plant as a source of food, fodder, forage, fatty oils, wood and timber, fibre, paper, rubber, beverage, alcohol, drugs, narcotics, resin and gums, essential oils, dyes, mucilage, insecticides and pesticides, plant indicators, ornamentation; and energy plantation with special knowledge about the conservation of forests of Jharkhand.
- Morphogenesis: Polarity, symmetry, Plant tissue culture technique, differentiation and dedifferentiation of cells and organs, totipotency. Factors of morphogenesis. Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization. Applications of protoplast cell, tissue and organ culture.
- Cell Biology.
- Genetics and Evolution.
- Physiology and Biochemistry.
- Ecology.
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Commerce
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Accounting, Auditing & Taxation
- Accounting as a financial information system.
- Important provisions of the Income Tax Act. 1961
- Nature and functions of Cost Accounting
- Significance of the attest function
Business Finance & Financial Institutions
- Concept and scope of Financial Management.
- Organisation and deficiencies of Indian money Market structure of assets and liabilities of commercial banks.
- Provision of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
- Crossings and endorsements with particular reference to statutory protection to the paying and collecting bankers.
- Organization Theory and Industrial Relations.
(i) Organization Theory
- Nature and concept of organization:
- Evolution of organisation theory
(ii) Industrial Relations
- Nature and scope of industrial relations.
- Prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India.
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